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加兹温市剧院 / GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
City Theater of Qazvin / GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
由专筑网Zia，小R编译
该项目是加兹温城市剧院，建筑地面两层，带有地下室，经过多年的等待，这座公共建筑以黑盒子的形式为专业戏剧表演提供了合适的空间，也为艺术家和戏剧爱好者提供了用于街头戏剧的开放空间。该项目的场地原本使用效率很低，因此先进行了拆除，而后重新对此2200平方米的区域进行了规划设计。总建筑面积为1970平方米，建筑的底层由玻璃体量构成，容纳了项目的通用空间，包括剧院排练室、会议室、管理办公室、问讯处、售票处和咖啡馆。这个玻璃体量充当了上方白色立方体的基座，主剧院表演厅就位于其中。白色立方体放置在玻璃体量之上，展现了一种抽象的悬浮感。白色砖立方体包含主剧院厅（黑盒子）及其等候区等功能。地下室楼层包括卫生间、布景搭建工作室、储藏区和设备用房。该建筑由加兹温市政府于2018年构想，以回应加兹温戏剧艺术家们的请求，因为他们此前缺乏专业的戏剧表演场所。
The current project is the City Theater of Qazvin, a two-story structure with a basement. After long years of waiting, this public building provides a suitable space for professional theater performances in the form of a Black Box. It has also provided artists and theater enthusiasts with open spaces intended for street theater. The project was designed on a 2,200-square-meter plot acquired after demolishing an inefficient urban area, which included several stalls in disrepair. The total floor area is 1,970 square meters. The ground floor of the building consists of a glass volume where the general project spaces, including theater rehearsal rooms, meeting and arbitration rooms, management offices, information desks, ticket sales, and a cafeteria, are located. This glass volume serves as a base for the white cube above, where the main theater performance hall is located. The white cube is placed exactly above the glass volume, providing an abstract sense of suspension. The first floor (the white brick cube) includes the primary theater hall (the Black Box) along with its waiting area. The basement floor includes restrooms, a workshop for set construction, storage areas, and utility spaces. This building was envisioned by the Qazvin Municipality in 2018 in response to requests from Qazvin theater artists, who lacked a professional venue to perform theater.
该项目位于加兹温市中心，这是一块毗邻该市最重要、庞大且历史悠久的公园的地块。这块土地此前容纳了许多破旧低效的摊位，已成为一个社会治安问题，且缺乏功能性。通过收购和拆除这些摊位中的大部分，为建造新的城市剧院项目创造了合适的用地。因此，随着新的公共文化中心的建设，这个城市空间得到了有效的振兴。目前，仅剩三个摊位尚未拆除，因为市政府还未能成功收购。因此，在后期设计阶段对项目场地进行了调整，以容纳这些剩余的摊位。当设计团队受邀设计该项目时，所有明显存在磨损痕迹且社会环境恶劣的摊位仍保留原状。因此，将低效的城市空间转变为充满活力、生机勃勃且安全的环境，便成为设计团队首要的设计目标。
The municipality selected a plot adjacent to one of the city's most significant, large, and historic parks in the center of Qazvin City for this project. This land previously housed a number of run-down and inefficient stalls, which had become a social security problem and lacked functionality. By acquiring and demolishing the majority of these stalls, a suitable plot for constructing the new city theater project was created. Consequently, this urban space was effectively revitalized with the construction of a new public cultural center. Currently, only three of the said stalls remain, as the municipality was unable to acquire them. Consequently, the project site was adjusted in the later design stages to account for these remaining stalls. When our team was selected to design the project, all of the stalls with clear signs of wear and tear and poor social conditions were still in place. Thus, transforming an inefficient urban space into an active, dynamic, and safe environment became our primary design objective.
项目的设计时间只有不到2个月，时间非常短暂，这个紧迫的期限对设计团队来说是一个重大挑战；另一个关键挑战是由于建筑靠近城市大型历史公园而带来的高度限制。主要楼层（地面以上部分）的总高度不能超过8米。然而，剧院需要至少5米的净高，同时还需要容纳额外的空间。考虑到场地面积狭小以及该文化综合体所需的空间，建筑师得出结论需要将建筑设计为三层。拥有220个座位的主厅空间需要最大的面积。因此，它位于一层，这是建筑中最大的楼层。同时，额外的空间被安排在地面层和地下室楼层。
We were ordered to design the project and prepare its construction plans in an extremely short timeframe of less than two months. This short deadline was a significant challenge for the design team. Another critical challenge was the height restriction of the building due to its proximity to the city's large, historic park. The total height of the main floors could not exceed 8 meters above street level. However, the theater required a minimum ceiling height of 5 meters, along with the need to accommodate additional spaces. Considering the small area of the site and the necessary spaces for this cultural complex, we concluded that we need to design the building with three floors. The Main hall space, with a seating capacity of 220, required the most surface area. Thus, it was placed on the first floor, which is the largest one in the building. Meanwhile, additional spaces were placed across the ground and basement floors.
为确保三层建筑不超过7米高度限制，建筑师将场地深挖2米，并将底层置于该下沉区域，同时设计了地下室，最需要高度的剧场厅位于地面层。此方案既满足了项目所需空间，又解决了高度限制问题。开挖形成的台阶便成为为宽阔的阶梯平台，既为公园散步者提供休憩坐席，也满足剧院周边街头表演的观众需求。由此，建筑与街道、公园、人行道等城市环境无缝融合，成为社区中充满活力的组成部分。戏剧艺术家每日在此排练演出或研读剧本，孩子们与同学朋友共赏木偶戏，戏剧爱好者每晚观赏演出。宗教节日期间，民众更聚集于此观看名为“塔兹耶”的宗教表演。晨间公园常客不再看见破旧摊位，取而代之的是通透的白色砖砌结构，以独特方式重塑了城市景观。
To ensure the three-story building did not exceed the 7-meter height limit, we excavated the site by 2 meters and placed the ground floor in said lowered area. Additionally, we designed a basement. The first floor, which required the most height for the theater hall, was positioned on the ground floor. This approach accommodated all the necessary spaces for the project and resolved the height issue. Additionally, the excavation created ledges that were designed as wide steps that provide seating for passersby in the parks and street performance spectators around the theater building. As a result, the building integrates seamlessly with its surrounding urban environment, including the street, park, and sidewalks, and has become a vibrant and active part of the community. Theater artists visit this building daily to rehearse their performances or read plays. Children come to enjoy puppet shows alongside their classmates and friends, and theater enthusiasts watch performances each night. People even gather there on special religious days to watch religious performances known as Ta'ziyeh. Instead of the old, dilapidated stalls, people who regularly exercise in the park in the mornings now see a porous white brick structure that has transformed the urban landscape in a unique fashion.
项目场地位于加兹温的梅拉特公园旁，本项目设计的重点有两个：
1. 项目毗邻梅拉特公园的古树和充满活力的绿色景观；
2. 将建筑转变为戏剧艺术家和戏剧艺术爱好者的中心尤其重要，因为加兹温此前缺乏专业的戏剧场所。
The site was located adjacent to Mellat Park in Qazvin. Two key points were the focus of this project's design:
1. First, the proximity of the project to the aged trees and vibrant greenery of Mellat Park
2. Second, turning the building into a hub for theater artists and dramatic arts enthusiasts. This was particularly important as Qazvin previously lacked a professional theater venue.
因此，建筑的落成不能影响公园的景观视线，这与建筑的剧院功能形成了矛盾的挑战——剧院需要在刚性的“黑盒子”中成形。卡兹温的戏剧界一直呼吁建造“黑盒子”表演厅，因为该市此前缺乏此类设施。为化解此矛盾，建筑师以轻盈通透的白砖盒体包裹黑盒子剧场，为增强视觉轻盈感并营造悬浮效果，建筑主体采用悬挑结构架设于玻璃盒之上。随后通过场地开挖，将盒体嵌入下沉式庭院，从而为剧场大厅创造出所需的高度。
Consequently, we needed to refrain from designing a rigid structure that would obstruct the park's green landscape. This posed a paradoxical challenge with the building's theater purpose, which needed to take shape within a rigid "Black Box". Qazvin's theater community had requested the construction of a "Black Box" style performance hall since this type of facility was previously unavailable in the city. We encased the black box theater inside a light and porous white brick box to resolve this paradox. To improve the visual lightness and create a sense of suspension in the form, we cantilevered the structure above a glass box. Then, we excavated the site and placed the boxes inside the sunken courtyard in order to create the necessary height for the theater hall.
通过这种方法确保了建筑的高度不会阻碍公园的景观。此外，体量之间的多孔性让建筑外部和内部之间保持持续的视觉连接。砖幕墙采用干式技术（无砂浆）建造。砖块之间的缝隙填充了为此项目专门定制的特氟龙（Teflon）构件。这种砖幕墙将一层的等候厅转变为一个独特的环境。一方面，光线和阴影透过砖缝相互作用，创造出一种全天变化的氛围；另一方面，等候厅内的人与外面的公园和街道之间存在着持续的视觉联系。这使得内部的人能够清晰地感受到公园树木的存在。由于该楼层与公园的高度齐平，访客可以从等候厅内部欣赏到人们在公园和街道上漫步、鸟儿飞翔、树叶摇动以及周围自然美景的景色。等候厅中的这种透明度、光线、反射和开阔视野与表演厅形成了有趣的对比。
Using this method ensured that the building's height did not obstruct the park's views. Additionally, the porosity among the volumes allowed for a constant visual connection between the building's exterior and interior. The brick curtain was constructed using a dry technique (without mortar). The space between the bricks was filled with custom-designed Teflon components that were molded explicitly for this project. This brick curtain has transformed the waiting hall on the first floor into a unique environment. On one side, the interplay of light and shadow through the spaces in the bricks creates an atmosphere that changes throughout the day. On the other side, there is a constant visual connection between those inside the waiting hall and the park and street outside. This allows those inside to clearly experience the presence of the park trees. Since this floor is level with the park's height, visitors can enjoy views of people strolling through the park and the street, the flight of birds, the movement of tree leaves, and the natural beauty of the surroundings from inside the waiting hall. This transparency, light, reflections, and open views in the waiting hall have a meaningful contrast to the performance hall.
当访客离开这个透明的空间，进入黑暗且光线昏暗的表演厅时，他们与城市的联系被彻底切断，接下来便是见证和专注于导演为他们准备的戏剧时刻。为了吸引公众来到这个场所，建筑师设计了三面的宽阔楼梯，这些台阶充当了观看街头表演的座位，同时也为市民提供了一个聚集和消磨时间的绝佳区域。
As visitors exit this transparent space and enter the dark and dimly lit performance hall, their connection to the city is utterly severed. Then comes the time to witness and concentrate on the play the directors have prepared for them. To invite the public to this site, wide staircases were designed on three sides. These steps serve as seating for watching street performances and also provide a great area for citizens to gather and spend time.
建筑设计：GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
类型：文化建筑
面积：1970 m²
项目时间：2023年
摄影：Deed Studio, Erfan Dadkhah
主创建筑师：Mahdi Karimi, Samira Fadakari
设计团队：Maryam Rahmani, Farzaneh Hosseini, Ali Nemati, Jafar Barkhordari
技术团队：Milad Norouzifar
总承包商：Maharband Sazan Alborz co.
城市：加兹温市
国家：伊朗
Cultural Architecture•Qazvin, Iran
Architects: GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
Area: 1970 m²
Year: 2023
Photographs: Deed Studio, Erfan Dadkhah
Lead Architects: Mahdi Karimi, Samira Fadakari
Category: Cultural Architecture
Design Team: Maryam Rahmani, Farzaneh Hosseini, Ali Nemati, Jafar Barkhordari
Technical Team: Milad Norouzifar
General Contractor: Maharband Sazan Alborz co.
City: Qazvin
Country: Iran
本文版权归腿腿教学网及原创作者所有，未经授权，谢绝转载。
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